If you live in a Victorian or Edwardian terrace, and much of London does, your house probably has a two-storey rear projection with a narrow alley running alongside it. That alley is the side return. It is usually a metre or two wide, gets no real light, and does nothing for you.
A side return extension roofs that strip over and brings it inside, squaring off the ground floor. The gain in floor area sounds modest on paper. In practice it transforms the plan, because it converts a long, thin, badly lit kitchen into a room with proper width, and width is what makes a kitchen work. You get space for an island or a table, a run of units that does not force you to shuffle sideways, and a room the whole family can be in at once.
The catch is that the wall you are removing is usually holding the house up. Taking out the flank wall of the rear projection means the load above has to be picked up by steel, sized to a structural design and inspected by building control, and carried down through new supports to foundations that can take it. Where the extension meets the neighbour's boundary, the work touches the party wall, which brings its own process. And because the new roof sits low against the existing building, the light has to come from above: rooflights or a glazed section along the flank are what stop the new space feeling like a corridor with a lid on it. Get the structure, the glazing and the levels right and a side return is the best value extension in London. Get them wrong and it is a dark box.